Ngā Take Nui e Whai Wāhi ana ki te Taurite Herehere a ngā Motokā Hīkoi

Ngā Rāhui Pūanga me ngā Tūtohu Kaha o te Kaihau

Te Whitiwhiti ki ngā Rāhui 800V i roto i ngā Ratonga Huakina Hou

Kei te whai kōwhiringa nui te rohe motokā i tēnei whakarerekētanga mai i ngā rūnga 400V ki ngā rūnga 800V i ngā motokā hou ā-tau (NEVs). Kua whakaatu te tonu o te hīkoi mō te wā kia tere ake ai te waehere, me te pai ake i te whakamahi o te tauhere. Kua hangaia ngā tuhinga matatika hei whakawā kia puta ai tēnei whakarerekētanga, me ngā painga nui pūmau, pērā i te iti ake i ngā wā waehere me te pai ake i te mahi o te motokā. Kua whakaatu ngā raraunga e whakatauhia ana i waenganui i ngā rūnga 400V me ngā rūnga 800V i ngā pai anō, me te iti noa i ngā wā waehere. Hei tauira, ka taea e te rūnga 800V te iti i te wā waehere e rua nei i te rūnga 400V, me te pai ake nui i te whakawai me te whakamahi o ngā NEV. Nā enei whakamahinga i whakaae ai he whakamutunga nui ki te whakautu i tētahi o ngā take nui mō ngā motokā ā-tau – te wā waehere – me te tautoko i runga i ngā rangahau nui me ngā raraunga rohe.

Te Whakapā mai i te Pūmotu DC Tere

He mea nui te hunga whakaratarata haere DC i te whiwhinga o ngā motokā eka, tuku mai i te whakaae ki ngā whakangungu pūtahi me ngā whakangungu hikiaro mō ngā kaiwhakaawe. Ko te whakauru i ngā raraunga 800V ka whakatipu i te mahi o te whakaratarata haere DC, tae atu ki te whakahaere i ngā momo takohanga pērā i te wāhi nui me te whakaputu hei aha. Kua whakaatu ngā kaiarahi i roto i te ao NEV he mea nui te whakapai i ngā āheinga whakaratarata, ka whiwhi haere i te manaaki i ake i te kaiwhakaawe, ka whiwhi haere hoki i ngā ratonga whakaae. He tohutohu i te ao whakangungu e whakaatu nei ko te mea nui kei te whakamana i te whakaae ki ngā motokā eka i te itinga iho o te whakaratarata. Ko tēnei hononga i waenganui i te āheinga whakaratarata me te huarahi kaiwhakaawe e whakamana ana i te take moemoeā mō te whakamahere i ngā raraunga 800V i runga i te whenua. Ki te whakamahi i tēnei hunga mea, ka taea e ngā motokā eka te whakapai tonu i roto i te ara motokā matua, tuku mai i te whakaae kia ora ai hei whakaeke i ngā whakaritenga motokā i runga i ngā pūngao hangaawe.

Te Whakawhanake Pūmau me te Whakarite i te Tauanga Pūmau

Nga Tuhinga o te Kauwhata Whakarite i Raro i nga Momo Pae

He whakatenetene te mohiotanga i nga atu tuhinga o te kauwhata whakarite e whakamahi ana i waenganui i nga momo paeroa hangarua e whakamahi ana i nga motokā hīkoi hou. Ko nga momo e whai wāhi rawa nei he rima-iona, pūoro-nikkel, me nga pae tahūhua. Ka whakaaturia e ia atu o enei hangarau he whakaaetanga tuhinga kauwhata whakarite e paihere ana ki o rātau rautaki whakarite. Hei tauira, ko nga pae rima-iona, ka noho whakarerekē tonu i roto i te nuinga o nga motokā hīkoi, ka tango he āhuatanga whakarite inati, ka whai hei whakapae i mua i te kaweke atu. Ki runga i tērā, ko nga pae tahūhua, he hangarau whakatipu, ka hoki haere i te nuinga o te huringa eke noa iho, engari me whakahaere pai i nga paku whakapae kia tiakina te haumanu me te roa.

Nā ngā āhuatanga o ngā kauwhata whakarōpū i roto i te huringa i te pūtake whakamahere mō ngā tohutohu whakarōpū, e whakaū ana i te hiranga o te whakatika i ngā wā rite pea me ngā wā tae ki te wehe hei whakapai i te mahi. Ko ngā raraunga o te ao rēaaliti he mea nui rawa hei whakamarama i te āheahea e pā ana ki te noho herehere me te oranga o te paunu. Kua tae mai ngā rautaki i te mea ko ngā paunu matū ka kitea he oranga whakatipu ake, engari e hiahiatia ana te whakarōpū motuhake i te wā tuatahitia hei whakangū i ngā pūnaha e pā ana ki te werawera nui. Nā reira, ko te mōhio ki enei dinamika he mea nui mō te whakahīnaki i ngā tohutohu whakarōpū e whakaae ana ki ia momo, ka whakamahia ai te whakatūhanga matua o ngā waka huanga hou i roto i Aotearoa me etahi atu wā.

Whakarite i te Taurangi me te Whakarerea o te Paunu

Te whai i te tūhura o ngā āhuatanga kīwai hiko e tere ake ana, e whakapāheko ana i ngā whakaaro mō te pērora i ngā paunu, tārewa tētahi momo whakaritenga nui mō te whakahaere i ngā motokā hiko. Ahakoa he pai te āhua kīwai nui, ka taea e ia nei te whakapai i ngā pūtake me te pū whenua o te paunu, ka mate noa atu te oranga o tēnā. He whakaritenga i kitea i ngā purongo whenua ā-motu hoki, i ngā take whakamātau ā-tangata rānei. I whakapakarihia e ngā rangahau hou ngā pūtake o ngā wā kīwai herehere ki ngā paunu lihini-iona, e whakaatu ana i te āhuatanga o te mutunga kaha e riro nei i te tūnga kīwai, e tohu ana he mea nui te whakatika.

Ki te whakangū kē ake i ēnei pūtake, he tūhura ake tonu te whakaaro mō ngā tikanga whakarite hōnore e whai ake nei, e hiahia ana ki te whakatika i te rahi me te roa o te wā. Nō reira, inā kīhai i hanga i ngā wā hōnore nui rawa atu, ka whakamahia ngā maru hōnore mōhio ki te whakatau i te wāhi o te pūtau i mua i te whakapae i te āhua o te hōnore. Ka whakapakari tēnei whakangū whakarere i te whakamahi mō te hunga whakamahi, e whakapakari ana i te oranga o ngā pūtau, ā, ka whakamanawaroa i ngā kaiwhakamahi mō tō rātou take whakaaetanga i ngā motokā hou ēnei. Ki te whakatakoto i ngā tohutohu mōhio ki ngā āhuatanga o ngā pūtau, ka tautoko ngā kaihangahanga i ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te tiaki i te roa mahi o ō rātou motokā, ā, ka whakauru atu i ngā mahi tūponotia ki te paetae hōhonu o ngā motokā hou ēnei.

Ngā Whakatūngaro Huringa Wera i roto i te Hōnore Motokā Hōu

Ngā Pūtake Wera Nui i te Rauemi Lithium-Ion

Nui ngatahi te wāhi o ngā uku me ngā uru whakaritorito i te mahi tūpato rite hoki, me te haumanu o ngā pūtaihora lithium-ion e whai ana i te whakamahi i ngā motokā eketanga (EVs). E āhei ana ngā whakarereke uru nei ki te whakawhitiwhiti nui i ngā pūtake mahi me te roa o te pūtaihora. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā uru whakaritorito te whākaaro i te mōhio i roto i ngā pūtaihora, koia nei ka maranga iho te wā o te tirotiro i te kawe, ahakoa ka taea e ia te whakapae i te mate takitahi. Ki runga atu, ka whakaiti ngā uru hīnaki i te wā o te tirotiro, ka whakamahina hoki i te rangitikanga o te pūtaihora i te wā kua mutu. Kua kitea i ngā rautaki, kaore i te whai mana te kaiwhakangungu i te wā o te kawe me te mōhio ki te hanga i ngā pūtaihora lithium-ion kei waho i te horopaki uru matua o te 20°C ki te 25°C, kaore anō he whai mana te kaiwhakangungu i te wā o te kawe me te mōhio. Ko te whakamahi i ngā rautaki tuhituhi hei whakamatau i ngā whakarereke uru i te oranga o te pūtaihora, ko tērā he mea nui, arā, ko tērā ka tango iho ki ngā whakaaturanga EV o ngā rā e heke mai nei kia pai ai te mahi tūpono i te korenga o ngā huanga huringa.

Ngā Whakahaeretanga Hīnaki Mō ngā Kaiwhakakawe Atahere

He mea nui te whakamahi i ngā tāngata whakaturu hou hei whakapai i te wehi o ngā kaiwhakarite pūraha matua me te whakahaere i ngā take hera. Among ēnei hōtaka hou, e whai ana ngā rōpū whakaturu matua me ngā rōpū whakaturu noa iho ki te tūranga, ka tukuna āheinga katoa ki te whakapai i te mahi. Ko te whakaturu noa iho ka whakamahia ngā huinga hangarau kia puta noa ai te uru, ahakoa kei te whakamahia pūhanga rīpeka rānei, rīpeka wai rānei ki te whakahaere i te werawera tonu. Ka whakamahia ēnei whirihora i roto i te hanga kaiwhakarite hei tiaki i te taurangi itiiti i waenganui i te wehi motokā me te oranga o te pūmotokā, ka tohua he paihere i te werawera i runga i te māharahara. Ko ngā kaihangatia matua pērā i a Tesla kei te kaiwhakatupu i ngā rākau whakahaere werawera hōu i roto i ō rātau pūnaha māharahara hei whakamana i te wehi me te tiaki i te pūmotokā i te paunga. Ki te whakaae i ēnei hōtaka whakaturu, ka taea e ngā pūnaha māharahara motokā hou te tiki i ngā hiahia o ngā motokā hou, ka puta mai ki te whakamana i ngā pūnaha māharahara matua me te pai.

Ngā Hōtaka Whakahounga Rākau Mō te Whakamahere Motokā Matatini

Kia whakamana i te hīkoi whakamua i te whakaaingo i ngā motokā eke pū (EV), he hēkiro nui ki ngā whirinaki hiko i tōna ake wā. Ko te tono mo ngā motokā hiko hou ka whai take anō, engari e mea ana ngā whirinaki o nāianei kaore i te āhua hei whakamana i te kuhu i te mohiotanga. Hei paunga i ngā rautaki mai i ngā whenua matatika hiko, he momo takapau kaiwhakaatu, ināianei i roto i te wehewehe kapasitī, i te mea he nui ake te whakahaere paihere EV. Ki te whakarite i ēnei herenga, me whakaae ki ngā whakataunga, pērā i ngā momo hangarau rorohiko ahurea hei whakawhanake i te whakawehenga hiko me te whakapai i te whakahaere mohio.

Nā ēnei whakarerekētanga me he whanonga rautaki rangatira mō te whakahaere i te tuhinga. Hei tauira, te whakauru i ngā rārangi matua huarahi me ngā puawaitanga momo whenua kai taea e mahi ake ai te mataku ki te waihanga hoki i te korenga i runga i ngā pūmotu inu papa. Nā te mea hoki, me mahi tata rawa a ngā whirinaki me ngā tohi hangarau ki te whakatakoto i ngā tāhuhu mōhiohia me ngā rārangi whakahokia tonu tonu. Ko te hiahia he whakatupu i tētahi tuhinga tūpato me te tirohanga ka ora ai e kite ana ki ngā paunga nui o ngā motokā hiko hou, tiakina i te whakahaere me te whakapono o te whakawehenga hiko.

Ngā Whakaaetanga Kāwanatanga e Tautohe ana i te Tuhi Motokā Hiko Hou

Kei te whai take nui ngā ture a te Kāwanatanga i runga i te whakahaere i te āhuahanga pūnaha whakapae mō ngā motokā hou ēneiti. Ko ētahi atu kāwanatanga e whakahoa ana i ngā hua, pērā i ngā tohe tāke me ngā taunaki, hei whakamahina i te whai ake o ngā wāhi whakapae mō ngā motokā ēneiti. Nō reira, ka whakatipu ngā ture nei i te whakatō i te haepapa moni tuatahi, ā, ka whakapai hoki i te whakahaere whakapae, whakaaturia ai te noho motokā ēneiti hei pai ake tonu mō ngā kaiwhakamahi. Ki te whai ake te whakariterite ture mō ngā motokā hou ēneiti, ka noho hanga whakatupu ki te whakatakoto i te ara mō ngā whakahaerenga āhuahanga.

Kei ngā tatauranga te whakaatu i tētahi pūnaha nui i te whakamahere ki ngā motokā rīpea i ngā whenua e whai ana i te tautoko pūkenga mai i ngā kāwanatanga. Hei dāta, ngā whenua e āheinga ana i ngā ture matua mō ngā motokā rīpea ka kite i te kotahi ake o ngā āhuatanga whakamahere, i te tuatahi i ēnei atu i ēnei iti ai ngā tautoko. Ki te whakaritea ngā huringa ture me te whakawhanake i ngā taumata hanga, ka taea e ngā kāwanatanga te whakahau i te whakapae o ngā rāhui whakapai, kia mau tonu ai te whakaae ki ngā tāngata katoa e whakamahia nei ngā motokā hanga hou. Ko tēnei whakatikatika poropiti i waenganui i ngā ao pūbrika me ngā ao taketake he mea nui kia taea te whakamutu i te whakawhitiwhiti ki tētahi wāhanga haere moana anake.