Nō te kaiwhakaako motokā rīpea (EVs) he nui ngā paunga hoki mō te taiao, e noho ana te whanake o te kore pūngao puta wāhi e whakaiti haere ana i te upoko huringa ā-wāhi. Ki te whakarite a te Kāwanatanga Tiaki Taiao (EPA), ka taea te whakawhanake ki ngā motokā rīpea te whakaiti i ngā huringa ā-hapori pūngao e 70% ana i te tau 2050. He mea nui tēnei whakahokia hei whai i ngā whakahaerenga huringa āhuarangi. Hei tauira, i tirohia e Te Tari Huringa Ao-iwi, ka taea te whakamutu i ngā huringa CO2 e tika ana ki te nui atu i 330 miliona motokā pātiti, e whakaiti ana i te nui o ngā pānga ki te huringa āhuarangi. I te whakangungu mai o ā mātāwaka hiko ki ngā puna hiko inoi, pū harakeke rānei, ka whakaiti tonu i te toto pūngao o ngā motokā rīpea, ka whakapakari anō i ngā paunga hoki mō te taiao.
Kei te nui ngā tūmomo whakamahi mō ngā motokā ekitikiti hei whakatū pūtake moemoea hoki hei āwhina i te whakauru paihere huarere. Ki te whakamahi i te hunga whakamahi ki te rīpoata (V2G), ka taea e ngā motokā ekitikiti nei te āwhina i te whariki rīpoata e pa ana ki te taumaha me te kauwhata o ngā momo whakamahi. Noaiho, ko te whakauru i ngā motokā ekitikiti me ngā puawaitanga waiora hei whakamua i ngā hunga rīpoata pūnaha, e ai ki reira, ka heke i ngā utu rīpoata me te whakamahi pai ake i ngā huanga wai. Nga raraunga o tenei wa e pāngia ana mai i Te Tari Waiora o te Amerika, e whakaatu ana ko te whakauru i ngā motokā ekitikiti kei te whakapai i te whariki rīpoata me te whakatū tonu i te wā e nui ana te kuhu i te waiora. Ka whakapai anō tēnei whakauru i te mahi rīpoata, ahakoa ko te whakatūtanga paihere waiora e whai mana ana.
Kei te whiwhi ngā motokā ekepana (EVs) i ngā taurite nui atu i ngā paihikara motokā ki te whakamahere ā-tau, i runga i ō rātou tuatahi. Ki te tohutohu o te Tari Awhi Takea o te Pūtaiao o te Rarangi Hōnoraki, kei te whai mana ngā urunga o ngā motokā ekepana i tētahi pūnaha $800 ki te tau i runga i ngā take nui anake. Ko tēnei ka noho tonu mai i ngā utu iti o te wā kapa i mua i te takea paihikara. Noaiho, he iti noa iho ngā wāhanga mehe ngā mahi motuhake i roto i ngā poraka ekepana, koia nei ka hoki iho ngā take whakahaere i runga i te wā o te hunga o te motokā. Kaore noa iho ngā poraka ekepana hei whakatū i ngā take aroaro motuhake, ko ngā motokā ekepana ka whakawhiti i te 77% o te take i te rīpoata ki te kaha, ahakoa ko te takea paihikara ka mahi i te wehewehe o te 12% ki te 30%. Ko tēnei wehewehe nui ka whakaputa i ngā taurite nui atu, me te motokā ekepana ka noho pono tonu hei whiriwhiri mō ngā kaiwhakamahi e hiahia ana ki te iti i ō rātou take haerehere.
Kei te whai ngā wheako o te moni whakahaere mō ngā motokā eke pū i runga i te roa, nā te hoahoa rautaki meka hē ki a rātou. Ki te iti rawa atu ngā waho kua taea te whakahē, ka taea e ngā uruhau te whakawhitiwhiti moni nui. Heoi anō, kei te tuhituhi e te AAA he tino tata ki te $4,600 ngā wheako moni whakahaere me ngā mahi whakatika i runga i te ao o te motokā i āna oranga. Nā ngā hiranga hīrau i te whiuwhiu me ngā uara whakapono, kua nui ake hoki te whakamana me ngā uara whakaaeae, me te mohiotia mai e nui atu ngā kaiwhakahaere motokā e whakaaetia ana ko te 8 tau rānei te katoa i waenganui i ngā paunu eke pū. Ko te itinga i te hiahia ki ngā mahi whakahaere noa iho pērā i ngā whakarerekē karu rongoā, e whakapakari ana i te paihere moni, ā, ka tukuna anō hoki i te hinengaro mate o ngā uruhau. Ki te kitea atu ngā hiranga hīrau i te hunga motokā eke pū, ka nui ake nei ngā wheako moni, me te whakanuia ake i te whakaaro mō te motokā eke pū hei mea whai here mo ngā momo whakahaere moni tae atu ki te roa.
Nā ngā whakamahinga hou i te whanonga paatahi ka piki tonu te haurongo o ngā motokā eka. Nā ngā whakamahinga hou i ngā paatahi whiuwhiu koiwi ka whai ake i ngā mīhini ki te whakapai, ā, ka taea e ngā motokā eka (EVs) te haere roa atu i te wā e rua i tētahi whakarite, whakatika i tētahi o ngā matenga nui mō ngā kaiwhakaaetanga EV—te mamae oneone. Ā, ko ngā paatahi koti hei whakaaturanga hiranga, ka tae mai he whakamahinga pai, me te hanga kotahi i ngā wā rerekē mo te whakarite me ngā whakawhanake ahuatanga pai rawa tonu i runga i ngā paatahi tūmatawhiti. Ka whakapai tonu enei whakamahinga i te huarahi whakamahi me te whakanuiaha i ngā motokā eka ki te hunga whānui. Ki te kawe ake nei ranei he rangahau, ki te 2030, ka heke i raro i te $100 tō te mīhini ki te kilowatt-hour ngā utu paatahi, me te whakanuiaha i ngā EV ki ngā kaihoko motokā hou. Nā enei whakamahinga ka whakatupu i te ara whakamua mō ngā motokā eka pai ake, ā, ka whakapai anō hoki i te noho whenua.
Kei te whakauru ngā motokā ekepā ki ngā whakaahua mōhihi ake, e whakarerekē ana i te whai wāhi kaiarahi me te hononga, ā, e whakatupuranga ana i te huarahi kaiarahi me ngā pūtake hoko. E whakapakari ana ngā raraunga ā-motokā matatau (ADAS) i te haumaru me te tūmanako, nā te whakamana i ngā momo huarahi pērā i te tuku rānei, te whakahaere waenganui rerekē, me te whakatūtaki i te wā o te mate. I whakaatu ngā kaihoko pērā i a Tesla i te wehe mai i ēnei mahi whakahaere e āhei ai ki te whakatū tonu i te whakamahi me te whakaaweake o ngā motokā ekepā, e tuku nei i ngā whiringa pērā i te kaiarahi ake me te whakahaere AI. Ko te whakauru korekore ki te whakaahua pūhoi me ngā taipu i roto i te motokā e whakarerekē ana i te āhuatanga e kite ana ngā kaiarahi i a rātau motokā, e whakamana ana i ngā raraunga hoki i runga i ngā mahi rerekē. E whakapakari ana ēnei whakaahua i te kaiarahi, ā, ka whakatūwhera he paetawhiti hou mo te hunga motokā ekepā, e āwhina ana i ngā mihinare kia noho whakawhitinga, ahakoa iti ai ngā whakarite. Ki te whai wāhi tonu ngā motokā ekepā pai rawa, ka taea e mātau te tirohia he whanaketanga ake anō me te whakauru ake ki te ao motokā ekepā.
Ka whakapai ngā kawenga o te kāwanatanga i te tūtohu o ngā motokā hiko hou ki runga i ngā whakangao tikanga me ngā tautoko. Ki roto o te Tira Whenua, he whakangao tikanga nui a te motu e āhei ana i te hunga e hoko nei i ngā motokā hiko i te take $7,500, e mahi tonu ana hei whakarite i te oranga moni o te whakamahi i ngā motokā hiko. Neke atu i tērā, he maha ngā whenua e tuku ana i ngā uutu me ngā whakangao tikanga, ka whanake tonu i ngā tirotiro moni mō ngā hokoira, ka whakahīnaki i ngā ratonga o ngā motokā hiko. Ki te Ture Tataki o te Pūngao, ko ēnei tautoko moni he mea nui ki te whakatūpato i te hunga kaiwhakamahi kia whakamahia ngā motokā hiko, kia tika ai ki ngā huringa momo hiko pai. Ko ēnei mahi he mea nui ki te iti i te pae whakauru mō te mana motokā hiko, ka whakaae atu mai ngā tangata kia hoko motokā hiko hou, ka tukuna iho ki te whakahaere i te taiao.
Ā runga i te ao, kei te whakarite i ngā huringa nui mō te whirinaki ki ngā kaihapa kore-kokiri, e whakaheke ana i te āhuatanga o ngā motokā e rere ana i te wā. Ngarongia ana, kei te whakarite a Karifomia i tana tikanga kia noho katoa ngā motokā hou e hokona nei i te tau 2035 hei kaihapa kore-kokiri, he mahi nui tēnei hei whakaatu i te whirinaki ki te whenua o ngā motokā. E asumetia ana ngā tikanga kēnei kia whakawhanake i ngā tūtohu nui i roto i te hunga o te hunga whakangungu i te hunga matatini me ngā tuara hanganga, ko tēnā ka whakapai i te paerewa mō ngā motokā e rere ana i te wā. Kei te tohua pūmau i ngā pūrongo e whakaaro ana ngā tikanga o ngā kāwanatanga he mea nui kē kia iti ai te nuinga o ngā motokā paratene me te whakangungu i te rautaki whakapai i roto i te paerewa o ngā motokā e rere ana i te wā. Ko tēnei hurihanga ka whakamahia hoki i ngā painga taiao e pā ana ki ngā motokā e rere ana i te wā, me te whakapuakitanga i ngā pai anō, pērā i ngā motokā e rere ana i te wā, ka tipu tonu hei whakahaere i te haerenga i ngā tau e huringa nei.
Te whai ake tonu i te whakapae o ngā tūmomo whakarite huri i te ao he mea nui mo te whakamahere i te whakaaetanga o ngā motokā ekaetanga (EV). Ki te whakatipu i te maha o ngā paepae huri noa, ka rirohia te mamae o ngā kaihoko e pā ana ki te rohe motuhake, me te whakamahi pai ake i ngā motokā ekaetanga. Nō reira, i te wāhanga tuatoru o ngā tau kotahi i mua, i whakatipu noa iho te matihiko o ngā paepae huri i runga i te 30%, ā, i whakapai i te whakawhiwhi i te motokā ekaetanga. Ngā take nui mō tēnei whakatipu ko ngā tautoko nui a ngā kāwanatanga me ngā hononga toitū a ngā kāwanatanga, inaianei, e hiahia ana kia whakamaherehia ai te mīharo mo ngā kaiwhakamahi me te whakapai i te whakaaetanga o te hunga e whai ana i te hanga ekaetanga.
I ngā wāhi paipai, kei reira te wā e whiwhi ana te tangata, ko ngā whakamātau hīkore i tēnei wā e hanga nei i ngā whakawai mō ngā whakaara motokā rīpea. Nō ngā waahi hīkore ki te tūhono kotahi rau minitanga, ka taea te whiwhi i te 80% o te kaiwhakarite pūmanawa, me te whakaiti i te wā moe mō ngā tāngata motokā rīpea i ngā wāhi mahi. Kei te whakanui i te whakatū mai o ngā waahi hīkore nui, me te whakatakoto i runga i ngā tūranga momo wāhi iti, hei whakawhanake i te haere noa iho mō ngā tāngata katoa e whai ana i ngā motokā rīpea. Ki te pūrongo a te Komihana o te Āheinga o te Tairangi, ko te nui o ngā waahi hīkore e taea ai te whakapakari i te whanonga o te motokā rīpea, ā, ki ngā paipai nui, he mea nui.
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